The vast majority of problem odors in the waste and wastewater
industries is the result of either reduction reactions or
incomplete oxidation reactions. Sulfides and mercaptans (by
reduction), alcohols, aldehydes and ketones (by incomplete
oxidations) are all formed accordingly. All such compounds
can be ionized, oxidized or further oxidized into odorless
end products and eventually into ionic forms of their nutrients,
along with carbon dioxide and water or water vapor. For example,
hydrogen sulfide may be oxidized to sulfate, alcohols may
be oxidized to aldehydes and ketones, aldehydes and ketones
may be esterified and then hydrolized. The reactions associated
with these processes may be found in any freshman chemistry
text, and need not be discussed here. However, the problem
for all deodorization activities is how to cause the necessary
reactions to occur safely and predictably.
When fragrance or neutralization products are used, application
requires only that the associated perfume or neutralizer be
released into the air in such a manner that it can be detected.
Its use is not based on actual contact with offending gases.
When an actual chemical change is desired, it is essential
that contact occur between the odorous gas and the agent for
change. The Hinsilblon equipment allows the opportunity for
odorant and reactant to come together by releasing a vapor
at a weight essentially similar to that of air, thus facilitating
mixing and contact.
Evane|Zyme acts as the reactant agent when
this contact occurs. The exact process is proprietary, but
the theory behind the actions can be explained as follows.
One of the most effective oxidation agents is the hydroxide
ion – OH- – known non-ionically as the hydroxyl
radical (-OH). This ion and radical facilitates the oxidation
of reduced sulfur compounds, completes the oxidation of almost
all ketones and aldehydes, and is essential in the conversion
of alcohols to esters (a carboxylic acid [which contains the
OH] uses a proprietary medium to generate excessive nucleic
acids required to complete hydrolysis). Additionally, both
amines (ionically), and ammonium radicals (carboxylic acid
reaction) are impacted by the (OH) entity.
Typically, hydroxide ions are in use in many deodorization
activities. They are used in the reactions of most commercial
oxidizers. They are also generated as a by-product of the
production of ozone, and often do the work credited to ozone.
Evane|Zyme contains great numbers of these
ions and radicals but eliminates the safety concerns of ozone.
Evane|Zyme utilizes the (OH) components of
ribose in nucleotide RNA. Every molecule of ribose contains
3 (OH) components.
Evane|Zyme is the product of two fermentations.
In the first fermentation, a complex protein supplement in
addition to powerful carbohydrates and hemolytics is fed to
a particular grouping of facultative bacteria and yeasts.
In the second fermentation, transfer RNA collects specific
amino acids desirable for the process, makes them available
for use by ribosomal RNA, and releases the majority of (OH)
radicals from the ribose to specific amino acids to form amino-hydroxy
groups in the presence of certain protein enzymes. The major
ribose contributors in this process are guanosine monophosphate
and uridine monophosphate. During this process, the purines
and pyrimidines from the nucleic acids are also concentrated,
providing strong nitrogenous bases to limit any reformation
of oxidized sulfides and to aid in the decomposition of volatile
organic acids.
At this point, Evane|Zyme has a very strong,
unpleasant odor. The third fermentation utilizes any remaining
available nutrients, stabilizing and deodorizing the compound.
The liquid is then ionized to insure levels of hydroxide ions
as well as hydroxyl radicals. Lastly, the material is filtered
to remove any residual solids (biomass and mineral).
The finished product is activated by evaporation in the Hinsilblon
unit. By combining with oxygen in the process, a continuous
supply of raw materials becomes available to repeat and sustain
the basic oxidation reactions. For example, 5 molecules of
dioxygen are required in the reaction set for each molecule
of H2S oxidized to sulfate. Typically, 3 to 4 molecules of
O2 are required for oxidation of each molecule of other gases.
Because the Hinsilblon system does not release Evane|Zyme
in a water molecule (as in misting, fogging, or atomization),
the oxygen supply is not limited to dissolved oxygen in the
water. Virtually an unlimited supply of oxygen allows multiple
usage of each (OH) radical. For example, when a reduced sulfur
compound is oxidized to a sulfate, the sulfate is attached
to an amino acid or protein group. The (OH) radical with some
portion of the amino group can separate after oxidation to
be replaced by some number of oxygen molecules depending on
the specific proteins involved. While the amino-sulfate group
created by the oxidation will continue to separate ionically,
the released (OH) radical and supporting amino group will
seek another compound to oxidize. In this way, each hydroxide
ion and hydroxyl radical will be reused several times.
The by-products of Evane|Zyme use are sulfur
(in the case of sulfides and mercaptans), carbon dioxide,
water, and some very simple ketones which are further oxidized
by simple sunlight. Typically, the sulfur will be ionic and
in quantities too minimal to justify recovery.
It is important to note that Evane|Zyme does
not generate “free” radicals as is the case with
ozone. All radicals in the Evane|Zyme mode
are attached to existing reactive compounds. They are interchanged
or decomposed in the reactions involving their associated
compounds. This distinction is important, and is one of the
reasons Evane|Zyme is completely safe to
use.
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